منابع مشابه
ILC2s and fungal allergy
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have emerged recently as an important component of the immune system and the cell type that regulates mucosal immune responses and tissue homeostasis. Group 2 ILCs (ILC2s), a subset of ILCs, reside in various tissues and are characterized by their capacity to produce type 2 cytokines and tissue growth factors. These ILC2s play an important role in allergic immune re...
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Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the airways leading to airway hyperreactivity and bronchoconstriction in response to allergens as well as unspecific stimuli such as cold air [1]. Classically, the key player cells in the pathogenesis of asthma are known to be T helper cells subsets including Th2, Th9 and Th17 as well as iNK T cells and dendritic cells [1-3]. An important aspect of the classi...
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When a T cell infiltrates a tumor, it is subjected to a variety of immunosuppressive and regulatory signals in the microenvironment. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that due to the proliferative and energetically-deregulated nature of tumor cells, T cells also operate at a metabolic disadvantage. The nutrient dearth of the tumor microenvironment (TME) creates "metabolic checkpoints" ...
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In a consideration of tumor immunity it appears desirable to discuss resistance to spontaneous tumors and to implanted tumor separately. Although results obtained with experimentally implanted tumors have contributed to the biology of tumors, these results can not be applied directly to spontaneous tumors and this is especially true with respect to immunity. It has long been recognized that imm...
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The question of the aggregation and disaggregation of political actors is essential for the understanding of the future of global politics, both in terms of international security affairs and international political economy. A model based upon tribute is presented to show how new political actors can emerge from an aggregation of smaller political actors. The tribute model provides an existence...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Frontiers in Immunology
سال: 2019
ISSN: 1664-3224
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02801